Cross flow and heat transfer past a permeable stretching/shrinking sheet in a hybrid nanofluid

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the laminar boundary layer cross flow and heat transfer on a rotational stagnation-point flow over either a stretching or shrinking porous wall submerged in hybrid nanofluids. The involved boundary layers are of stream-wise type with stretching/shrinking process along the surface. Design/methodology/approach Using appropriate similarity variables the partial differential equations are reduced to ordinary (similarity) differential equations. The reduced system of equations is solved analytically (by high-order perturbed field propagation for small to moderate stretching/shrinking parameter and low-order perturbation for large stretching/shrinking parameter) and numerically using the function bvp4c from MATLAB for different values of the governing parameters. Findings It was found that the basic similarity equations admit dual (upper and lower branch) solutions for both stretching/shrinking surfaces. Moreover, performing a linear stability analysis, it was confirmed that the upper branch solution is realistic (physically realizable), while the lower branch solution is not physically realizable in practice. These dual solutions will be studied in the present paper. Originality/value The authors believe that all numerical results are new and original and have not been published before for the present problem.

Automated summary

The purpose of this paper is to investigate laminar boundary layer cross flow and heat transfer on a rotational stagnation-point flow over a porous wall submerged in hybrid nanofluids. It was found that the basic similarity equations admit dual solutions for stretching/shrinking surfaces, with the upper branch solution being physically realizable while the lower branch solution is not. The authors believe that the numerical results presented in this paper are new and original.