Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176402
Keywords
intestinal epithelial organoids; small intestine; colon; gut microbiota; trans-epithelial permeability; tight junction
Funding
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research [DOL342964]
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec-Sante [33219]
- Canada Research Excellence Chair in the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health - Tri-Agency of the Canadian Federal Government (Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)) [CERC04]
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
- Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
- Canadian Foundation of Innovation
- NUTRISS Center
- Diabete Quebec
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Constant remodeling of tight junctions to regulate trans-epithelial permeability is essential in maintaining intestinal barrier functions and thus preventing diffusion of small molecules and bacteria to host systemic circulation. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and dysfunctional gut barrier have been correlated to a large number of diseases such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. This led to the hypothesis that gut bacteria-epithelial cell interactions are key regulators of epithelial permeability through the modulation of tight junctions. Nevertheless, the molecular basis of host-pathogen interactions remains unclear mostly due to the inability of most in vitro models to recreate the differentiated tissue structure and components observed in the normal intestinal epithelium. Recent advances have led to the development of a novel cellular model derived from intestinal epithelial stem cells, the so-called organoids, encompassing all epithelial cell types and reproducing physiological properties of the intestinal tissue. We summarize herein knowledge on molecular aspects of intestinal barrier functions and the involvement of gut bacteria-epithelial cell interactions. This review also focuses on epithelial organoids as a promising model for epithelial barrier functions to study molecular aspects of gut microbiota-host interaction.
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