Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
Volume 21, Issue 17, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21175988
Keywords
hyaluronic acid; hyaluronan; nervous system; neurodevelopment; neurogenesis; extracellular matrix
Funding
- Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs [MS160144]
- National Multiple Sclerosis Society [PP-1801-29683, RG4843A5/1]
- NIH [R24 NS104161-01]
- NIH Office of the Director [P51 OD011092]
- CDMRP [MS160144, 917570] Funding Source: Federal RePORTER
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Hyaluronic acid (HA) plays a vital role in the extracellular matrix of neural tissues. Originally thought to hydrate tissues and provide mechanical support, it is now clear that HA is also a complex signaling molecule that can regulate cell processes in the developing and adult nervous systems. Signaling properties are determined by molecular weight, bound proteins, and signal transduction through specific receptors. HA signaling regulates processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration, and process extension in a variety of cell types including neural stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocyte progenitors. The synthesis and catabolism of HA and the expression of HA receptors are altered in disease and influence neuroinflammation and disease pathogenesis. This review discusses the roles of HA, its synthesis and breakdown, as well as receptor expression in neurodevelopment, nervous system function and disease.
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