Journal
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
Volume 36, Issue 1, Pages 224-234Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1002/gps.5418
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease; apathy; cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers; depression; mild cognitive impairment; neurocognitive disorders
Categories
Funding
- Alzheimer Nederland
- Northern California Institute for Research and Education
- Foundation for the National Institutes of Health
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Transition Therapeutics
- Takeda Pharmaceutical Company
- Servier
- Piramal Imaging
- Pfizer Inc.
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
- Neurotrack Technologies
- NeuroRx Research
- Meso Scale Diagnostics, LLC.
- Merck Co., Inc.
- Lundbeck
- Lumosity
- Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development LLC.
- Janssen Alzheimer Immunotherapy Research & Development, LLC.
- IXICO Ltd.
- GE Healthcare
- Fujirebio US
- Genentech, Inc.
- EuroImmun
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
- Cogstate
- Eisai Inc.
- CereSpir Inc.
- Biogen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb Company
- BioClinica, Inc.
- Araclon Biotech
- Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation
- Alzheimer's Association
- AbbVie
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- DOD ADNI [W81XWH-12-2-0012]
- Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) [AG024904]
- National Institute on Aging [P50 AG047270, P50 AG005681, P50 AG033514, P50 AG005136, P30 AG049638, P30 AG012300, P50 AG005142, P50 AG005133, P30 AG010124, P30 AG053760, P30 AG028383, P30 AG035982, P50 AG023501]
- National Institute on Aging/ National Institutes of Health Grant [U01 AG016976]
- [P50 AG005131]
- [P50 AG016573]
- [P30 AG010129]
- [P50 AG047366]
- [P30 AG010161]
- [P30 AG008017]
- [P30 AG013854]
- [P30 AG008051]
- [P50 AG 005138]
- [P50 AG016574]
- [P50 AG005134]
- [P50 AG005146]
- [P30 AG010133]
- [P50 AG047266]
- [P50 AG025688]
- [P50 AG008702]
- [P30 AG013846]
- [P30 AG019610]
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This study examined the trajectories of depression and apathy in (prodromal) Alzheimer's disease patients and found that they were associated with AD biomarkers. Lower A beta(42) and higher tau levels were related to increased probability of depression and apathy over time.
Objectives To examine trajectories of depression and apathy over a 5-year follow-up period in (prodromal) Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to relate these trajectories to AD biomarkers. Methods The trajectories of depression and apathy (measured with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory or its questionnaire) were separately modeled using growth mixture models for two cohorts (National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center, NACC, n = 22 760 and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, ADNI, n = 1 733). The trajectories in ADNI were associated with baseline CSF AD biomarkers (A beta(42,)t-tau, and p-tau) using bias-corrected multinomial logistic regression. Results Multiple classes were identified, with the largest classes having no symptoms over time. Lower A beta(42)and higher tau (ie, more AD pathology) was associated with increased probability of depression and apathy over time, compared to classes without symptoms. Lower A beta(42)(but not tau) was associated with a steep increase of apathy, whereas higher tau (but not A beta(42)) was associated with a steep decrease of apathy. Discussion The trajectories of depression and apathy in individuals on the AD spectrum are associated with AD biomarkers.
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