Recent progress in cerium-based nanomaterials for electrochemical biosensors

Cerium (Ce) is a rare earth element widely used for its excellent physical and chemical properties. Ce-based nanomaterials have become highly relevant for electrochemical biosensors due to their attractive catalytic activities and electrical conductivity properties. Importantly, Ce-based nanomaterial preparation significantly affects their properties for electrochemical applications. This review summarizes some common methods for Ce-based nanomaterial synthesis, including sol-gel, co-precipitation and micro-emulsion approaches, and their applications in electrochemical biosensors, such as DNA sensors, immunosensors and enzyme sensors. Also, we summarize by discussing some defects and complementary methods of Ce-based nanomaterials.