Journal
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS
Volume 56, Issue 5, Pages 6019-6028Publisher
IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
DOI: 10.1109/TIA.2020.2994185
Keywords
Batteries; Charging stations; Mathematical model; Indexes; Testing; Degradation; Load modeling; Configuration-control integrated strategy; echelon battery system; electric bus batteries; electric bus charging station; second-used electric bus batteries
Funding
- Science and Technology Project of State Grid Jiangsu Power Co., Ltd
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With the development of second-use technology, it is possible to reorganize the retired electric bus batteries (EBBs) into the echelon battery system (EBS). To quantify the value of coordinated operation of EBS-EBBs for an electric bus charging station (EBCS), a configuration-control integrated strategy is proposed. In the configuration stage, the number of second-used electric bus batteries (SUEBBs) is optimized to minimize the overall equivalent annual cost (EAC) of EBCS, based on the evaluation model of SUEBBs' replacement. In the control stage, the coordinated charging-discharging power of EBS and EBBs is optimized in order to minimize the daily electricity cost of EBCS. Finally, six scenarios are compared and analyzed to verify the economy of equipping EBS in the EBCS. Meanwhile, the impact of the lifespan and price of SUEBBs is analyzed by sensitivity analysis.
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