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Evolutionary principles and genetic considerations for guiding conservation interventions under climate change

Journal

GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
Volume 27, Issue 3, Pages 475-488

Publisher

WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15359

Keywords

biodiversity interventions; biological conservation; climate change; evolutionary rescue; extinction risk; genetic management

Funding

  1. University of Hong Kong Seed Fund [201809159002]
  2. Research Grants Council of Hong Kong [ECS 27124318]
  3. CSIRO-OCE

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Climate change has had apparent impacts on natural systems worldwide, leading many species to struggle to survive in changing environments. Traditional conservation efforts focusing on genetic diversity have shifted towards more active interventions such as protected areas, rewilding, and genetic engineering in order to address the rapid loss of biodiversity.
Impacts of climate change are apparent in natural systems around the world. Many species are and will continue to struggle to persist in their current location as their preferred environment changes. Traditional conservation efforts aiming to prevent local extinctions have focused on two aspects that theoretically enhance genetic diversity-population connectivity and population size-through 'passive interventions' (such as protected areas and connectivity corridors). However, the exceptionally rapid loss of biodiversity that we are experiencing as result of anthropogenic climate change has shifted conservation approaches to more 'active interventions' (such as rewilding, assisted gene flow, assisted evolution, artificial selection, genetic engineering). We integrate genetic/genomic approaches into an evolutionary biology framework in order to discuss with scientists, conservation managers and decision makers about the opportunities and risks of interventions that need careful consideration in order to avoid unwanted evolutionary outcomes.

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