Journal
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
Volume 57, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY SOC JOURNALS LTD
DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00018-2020
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Funding
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [18H05278, 26461187]
- AMED [18H06221, 221S0002, 16H06279]
- [JP19gm4010002]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [26461187, 18H05278] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Regnase-1 is a critical post-transcriptional regulator of pulmonary immune homeostasis in mice, particularly in ILC2 cells. Deficiency of Regnase-1 leads to abnormal proliferation and activation of ILC2 cells, with upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes, ultimately enhancing bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
Regnase-1 is an RNase critical for post-transcriptional control of pulmonary immune homeostasis in mice by degrading immune-related mRNAs. However, little is known about the cell types Regnase-1 controls in the lung, and its relevance to human pulmonary diseases. Regnase-1-dependent changes in lung immune cell types were examined by a competitive bone marrow transfer mouse model, and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) were identified. Then the associations between Regnase-1 in ILC2s and human diseases were investigated by transcriptome analysis and a bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis mouse model. The clinical significance of Regnase-1 in ILC2s was further assessed using patient-derived cells. Regnase-1-deficiency resulted in the spontaneous proliferation and activation of ILC2s in the lung. Intriguingly, genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis were highly upregulated in Regnase-1-deficient ILC2s compared with wild-type, and supplementation of Regnase-1-deficient II.C2s augmented bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Regnase-1 suppresses mRNAs encoding transcription factors Gata3 and Egrl, which are potent to regulate fibrosis-associated genes. Clinically, Regnase-1 protein levels in ILC2 negatively correlated with the ILC2 population in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Furthermore, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) patients with ILC2s >1500 cells.mL(-1) peripheral blood exhibited poorer prognosis than patients with lower numbers, implying the contribution of Regnase-1 in ILC2s for the progression of IPF. Collectively, Regnase-1 was identified as a critical post-transcriptional regulator of the profibrotic function of ILC2s both in mouse and human, suggesting that Regnase-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for IPF.
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