Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
Volume 883, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173380
Keywords
Remote preconditioning; Ischemia; Stroke; Adenosine; Neuroprotection; Apoptosis
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Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) is an intrinsic protective phenomenon in which 3 to 4 interspersed cycles of non-fatal regional ischemia followed by reperfusion to the remote tissues protect the vital organs including brain, heart and kidney against sustained ischemia-reperfusion-induced injury. There is growing preclinical evidence supporting the usefulness of RIPC in eliciting neuroprotection against focal and global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Scientists have explored the involvement of HIF-1 alpha, oxidative stress, apoptotic pathway, Len-2, platelets-derived microparticles, splenic response, adenosine A(1) receptors, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase and neurogenic pathway in mediating RIPC-induced neuroprotection. The present review discusses the early and late phases of neuroprotection induced by RIPC against cerebral ischemic injury in animals along with the various possible mechanisms.
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