Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
Volume 54, Issue 8, Pages 6696-6712Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14958
Keywords
actin cytoskeleton; glutamate receptor; protein synthesis; synaptic proteins; synaptic transmission and plasticity
Categories
Funding
- Research Council of Norway [249951]
- Bergen Universitetsfond [2020/01/FOL, 249951/F20]
- Euro-BioImaging [EuBI_HOZH062]
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Arc is proposed as a critical regulator of long-term synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, with bidirectional control of synaptic strength by regulating AMPA-type glutamate receptor trafficking and actin cytoskeletal dynamics in dendritic spines. Key to this model, Arc is proposed to function as an activity-dependent regulator of AMPAR lateral membrane diffusion and trapping at synapses.
Arc (activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein) is posited as a critical regulator of long-term synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses, including long-term potentiation, long-term depression, inverse synaptic tagging and homoeostatic scaling, with pivotal roles in memory and postnatal cortical development. However, the mechanisms underlying the bidirectional regulation of synaptic strength are poorly understood. Here we review evidence from different plasticity paradigms, highlight outstanding issues and discuss stimulus-specific mechanisms that dictate Arc function. We propose a model in which Arc bidirectionally controls synaptic strength by coordinate regulation of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) trafficking and actin cytoskeletal dynamics in dendritic spines. Key to this model, Arc is proposed to function as an activity-dependent regulator of AMPAR lateral membrane diffusion and trapping at synapses.
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