Ideal vascular health and cognitive performance in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health

Background and purpose Most evidence for the association between ideal vascular health (IVH) and cognitive performance comes from high income countries. The aim was to investigate this association in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health. Methods Cognition was assessed using the word list, verbal fluency and trail making tests. The IVH score included ideal metrics for body mass index, smoking, physical activity, diet, blood pressure, fasting glucose and total cholesterol. Poor, intermediate and optimal health were characterized in those presenting 0-2, 3-4, 5-7 ideal metrics, respectively. To determine the association between IVH score and cognitive performance, linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, alcohol use, depression and thyroid function were used. Results In 12 271 participants, the mean age was 51.3 +/- 8.9 years, 54% were women, 57% White and 53% had poor vascular health. Participants with intermediate (beta = 0.064, 95% confidence interval 0.033; 0.096) and optimal health (beta = 0.108, 95% confidence interval 0.052; 0.164) had better global cognitiveZ-scores. In addition, interactions of IVH score with age, education and race were found, suggesting a better cognitive performance with higher IVH in older adults, Black/Brown participants and those with lower levels of education. Conclusion Ideal vascular health was associated with better cognitive performance. Older, Black/Brown and low-educated participants had better cognition in the presence of higher IVH scores.

Automated summary

Ideal vascular health was associated with better cognitive performance in this study. Older, Black/Brown, and low-educated participants showed better cognition with higher IVH scores, as indicated by interactions with age, education, and race.