Journal
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 183, Issue 3, Pages 307-316Publisher
BIOSCIENTIFICA LTD
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-20-0144
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Funding
- Simon Fougner Hartmanns Familiefond
- Danish Foundation for Scientific Innovation and Technology [09-067180]
- Ronald McDonald Children Foundation
- Odense University Hospital
- Region of Southern Denmark
- Municipality of Odense
- Mental Health Service of the Region of Southern Denmark
- Danish Council for Strategic Research
- Program Commission on Health, Food and Welfare [2101-08-0058]
- Odense Patient data Explorative Network (OPEN)
- Novo Nordisk Foundation [NNF15OC00017734]
- Danish Council for Independent Research
- Rigshospitalet
- Health Foundation (Helsefonden)
- Roche Diagnostics A/S Denmark
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Objective: Low circulating prolactin is a potential marker of metabolic risk during pregnancy. We aimed to investigate associations between prolactin and glucose status in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Design: Prospective observational cohort study. From the Odense Child Cohort, 1497 pregnant women were included. Methods: Blood samples were assessed during first, second (prolactin, he moglobin A1c (HbA(1c))) and third trimester (fasting prolactin, testosterone, HbA(1c), insulin, glucose). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was per formed around gestation week 28 in 350 women with risk factors for GDM and in 272 randomly included women. GDM was defined by 2-h plasma glucose >= 9.0 mmol/L. Results: The median (IQR) prolactin increased from 633 (451-829) mIU/L in first-second trimester to 5223 ( 4151-6127) mIU/L at third trimester. Prolactin was inversely associated wi th HbA(1c) in first ( r = -0.19, P < 0.001) and third trimester (r = -0.07, P = 0.014). In third trimester, women with GDM (n = 37; 6.0%) had lower prolactin compared to women without GDM (4269 vs 5072 mIU/L, P = 0.004). Third trimester prolactin multiple of the median (MoM) was inversely associated with risk of GDM in multivariate regression analysis (OR 0.30, P = 0.034). PCOS was diagnosed in 10.0% (n = 146). Early pregnancy prolactin MoM was positively associated to PCOS diagnosis (OR 1.38, P = 0.051). Conclusions: Low prolactin levels during pregnancy were associated with hig her HbA(1c) and risk of GDM. A diagnosis of PCOS was associated with higher early pregnancy prolactin levels.
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