Support structure constrained topology optimization for additive manufacturing

There is significant interest today in integrating additive manufacturing (AM) and topology optimization (TO). However, TO often leads to designs that are not AM friendly. For example, topologically optimized designs may require significant amount of support structures before they can be additively manufactured, resulting in increased fabrication and clean-up costs. In this paper, we propose a TO methodology that will lead to designs requiring significantly reduced support structures. Towards this end, the concept of 'support structure topological sensitivity' is introduced. This is combined with performance sensitivity to result in a TO framework that maximizes performance, subject to support structure constraints. The robustness and efficiency of the proposed method is demonstrated through numerical experiments, and validated through fused deposition modeling, a popular AM process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.