Journal
EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL WITH BIOPHYSICS LETTERS
Volume 49, Issue 7, Pages 571-589Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00249-020-01463-8
Keywords
Ringer's lactate solution; Cyclodextrin; Cannabidiol; Molecular dynamics; Docking; Temperature
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Cyclodextrins (CDs) are well-known carriers for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules, while among cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable attention due to its therapeutic capability. In this framework, we employed molecular dynamics and docking techniques for investigating the interaction energy and thermodynamical issues between different CDs (alpha, beta, and gamma type) and CBD immersed in water and a solution mimicking a physiological environment. We quantified the energetic aspects, for different thermal conditions, in which both aqueous solutions interact with CBDs and CDs and the CBD-CDs complex itself. In order to approximate the physiological conditions, our simulations also included the mammalian temperature. The calculations revealed significant interaction energy between lactate and the CD surface and a movement of lactate toward CD as well. We observed an almost constant number of lactate molecules forming clusters without exhibiting a temperature dependence. Next, the degree of CBD-CDs complexation at four different temperatures was analyzed. The results showed that the complexation depends on the medium, becoming weaker with the temperature increment. Our findings highlighted that the entropy contribution is relevant for CBD-alpha-CD and CBD-beta-CD, while CBD-gamma-CD is practically insensitive to temperature changes for both solutions. In both water and artificial physiological solutions, the gamma-CD appears more stable than the other complexes. Overall, CBD achieved partial encapsulation considering alpha-CD and beta-CD, showing a temperature dependence, while gamma-CD remained fully immersed no matter the thermal level assumed. We also discuss the pharmacological relevance and physiological implications of these findings.
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