Isolation of endophytic bacteria from the medicinal, forestal and ornamental treeHandroanthus impetiginosus

Plant interactions with endophytic bacteria produce mutual benefits and contribute to environmental sustainability.Handroanthus impetiginosus(Mart. ex DC.) Mattos 'pink lapacho' (syn.Tabebuia impetiginosa, Bignoniaceae) is a medicinal, ornamental and forestal native tree from South and Mesoamerica. Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) isolated from pink lapacho are scarcely described. The aim of this work was to isolate and characterize native endophytic bacteria from pink lapacho. Ten bacterial strains were isolated from leaves and six from roots of naturally growing trees in Lujan (Central-Eastern region of Argentina). Endophytes were identified asBacillus,Paenibacillus,Pseudomonas,Rhizobium,RummeliibacillusandMethylobacteriumgenera, according to 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. In the present study, a strain of theRummelibacillusgenus (L14) has been first ever reported as endophyte. This strain was capable of growing in Nfb medium and exhibited zinc solubilization ability. A high percentage of strains showed PGPB traits; namely 88% fixed nitrogen, 63% solubilized zinc, 69% solubilized phosphate and 63% produced indole compounds such as IAA. Most strains were salt tolerant that confer them a potential competitive advantage to survive in saline conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting an approach to assess the diversity of cultivable endophytic bacteria ofH. impetiginosustree and its plant growth promoting capacity. The knowledge about this kind of associations could contribute to environmental sustainability by developing effective biofertilizers that minimize the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides.

Automated summary

Plant interactions with endophytic bacteria, specifically those isolated from Handroanthus impetiginosus, have been found to provide mutual benefits and promote environmental sustainability. In this study, native endophytic bacteria were isolated and characterized from pink lapacho trees. The majority of the isolated strains exhibited plant growth promoting traits, including nitrogen fixation, phosphate and zinc solubilization, and production of indole compounds. Additionally, these bacteria showed salt tolerance, suggesting their potential advantage in saline conditions. This research contributes to the understanding of plant-bacteria associations and has implications for the development of biofertilizers to reduce the dependence on chemical fertilizers and pesticides.