Evaluation of the efficiency of chlorpyrifos-ethyl remediation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae using response of some biochemical biomarkers

This study reveals out detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme response of Gammarus pulexexposed/polluted to chlorpyrifos-ethyl insecticide before and after biodegradation/bioremediation byMethylobacterium radiotoleransandMicrobacterium arthrosphaerae. Cytochrome P450 1A1, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activities inG. pulexexposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation by these two bacteria during 24 and 96 h tested by using commercial ELISA kits. The activity of catalase enzyme was decreased depending on chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after bioremediation/biodegradation the enzyme activity was increased repeatedly. Superoxide dismutase activity level increased after chlorpyrifos-ethyl exposure in 96 h (p> 0.05). Following bioremediation, superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased again during 24 h (p> 0.05) and increased during 96 h (p< 0.05). Statistical differences were not found in cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme activity before and after the process (p> 0.05). No significant differences were determined during the activity of glutathione S-transferase in 24 h (p> 0.05). The activities of glutathione S-transferase were increased after exposure of chlorpyrifos-ethyl during 96 h. After bioremediation; the activity of glutathione S-transferase increased even more (p< 0.05). The results determined that activities ofG. pulexat superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase are common biomarkers for revealing out the efficiency of bioremediation of chlorpyrifos-ethyl with these two types of soil bacteria.

Automated summary

This study investigated the detoxifying and antioxidant enzyme response of Gammarus pulex exposed to chlorpyrifos-ethyl before and after biodegradation by Methylobacterium radiotolerans and Microbacterium arthrosphaerae. The results showed changes in catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase activities during exposure and bioremediation processes.