Journal
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Volume 54, Issue 21, Pages 13579-13589Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02719
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Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) [CRDPJ 460308-14]
- Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative [SA-1520]
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Publicly available toxicological studies on wastewaters associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) activities in offshore regions are nonexistent. The current study investigated the impact of hydraulic fracturing-generated flowback water (HF-FW) on whole organism swimming performance/respiration and cardiomyocyte contractility dynamics in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus-hereafter referred to as mahi), an organism which inhabits marine ecosystems where offshore hydraulic fracturing activity is intensifying. Following exposure to 2.75% HF-FW for 24 h, mahi displayed significantly reduced critical swimming speeds (U-crit) and aerobic scopes (reductions of similar to 40 and 61%, respectively) compared to control fish. Additionally, cardiomyocyte exposures to the same HF-FW sample at 2% dilutions reduced a multitude of mahi sarcomere contraction properties at various stimulation frequencies compared to all other treatment groups, including an approximate 40% decrease in sarcomere contraction size and a nearly 50% reduction in sarcomere relaxation velocity compared to controls. An approximate 8-fold change in expression of the cardiac contractile regulatory gene cmlc2 was also seen in ventricles from 2.75% HF-FW-exposed mahi. These results collectively identify cardiac function as a target for HF-FW toxicity and provide some of the first published data on UOG toxicity in a marine species.
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