Drosophila insulin-like peptides: from expression to functions - a review

Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) belong to the insulin superfamily and act as hormones, neuromediators, and growth factors during the post-embryonic life-cycle stages of insects. These peptides are encoded by different genes in various species. In the genus Drosophila, eight peptides are known, seven of which are likely to bind the Drosophila insulin receptor, whereas DILP8 is a known ligand of the Lgr3 receptor. Binding of DILPs 1-7 to receptors leads to activation of intracellular proteins related to the conserved insulin/IGF (insulin-like growth factors) signaling pathway. The insulin pathway acts within a complex physiological regulatory network involved in the coordination of development, growth, behavior, metabolism, lifespan, and cognitive functions in insects. The current review summarizes recent data about the structure and function of ILPs in fruit flies. The role of environmental factors and genetic manipulations in modulating the functions of DILPs and their association with lifespan and metabolism of Drosophila are assessed. Further investigation and identification of pharmacological or biotechnological interventions that may decrease insulin/IGF signaling could be a highly promising approach for extension of human health span and longevity.

Automated summary

Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are important in fruit flies, activating intracellular proteins to participate in various functions such as physiological regulation and growth. Recent research focuses on the structure of ILPs, as well as how environmental factors and genetic manipulations affect their function, and their association with lifespan and metabolism in fruit flies.