Journal
ENERGIES
Volume 13, Issue 20, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/en13205295
Keywords
trade openness; carbon emission; sub-Saharan Africa; environmental Kuznets curve
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [71774071]
- Key Project of Jiangsu Social Science Fund [20ZLA007]
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Using a panel cointegration model developed based on the data extracted from the World Bank indicators, this study quantified the relationship between carbon emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness in sub-Saharan African countries. It discovered from our analysis that there exists a long-run causality association amongst CO2 emissions, energy consumption, economic growth, and trade openness. The study noted the existence of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in the panel using the square term for trade openness; it was found to have a negative impact, thus trade in the long run will somewhat decrease the environmental pollution in this region. The study results imply that there should be stringent policies and rigorous enforcement in sub-Saharan African to ensure sustainable growth without associative environmental issues.
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