Titanium Dioxide/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Composite Modified Pencil Graphite Sensor for Sensitive Voltammetric Determination of Propranolol in Real Samples

A very effective electrochemical sensor for the analysis of propranolol was constructed using TiO2/MWCNT film deposited on the pencil graphite electrode as modifier. The modified electrode represented excellent electrochemical properties such as fast response, high sensitivity and low detection limit. The proposed sensor showed an excellent selective response to propranolol in the presence of foreign species and other drugs. The electrochemical features of the modified electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique which indicated a decrease in resistance of the modified electrode versus bare PGE and MWCNT/PGE. The surface morphology for the modified electrode was determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Differential pulse technique (DPV) was used to determine propranolol which showed a good analytical response in the linear range of 8.5x10(-8)-6.5x10(-6) M with a limit of detection 2.1x10(-8) M. The TiO2/MWCNT/PGE sensor was conveniently applied for the measurement of propranolol in biological and pharmaceutical media.

Automated summary

This study developed a highly effective electrochemical sensor for propranolol using a TiO2/MWCNT film deposited on the pencil graphite electrode as modifier, showing excellent electrochemical properties and selective response. The electrochemical features of the modified electrode were investigated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques, while propranolol was determined using the differential pulse technique.