Journal
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
Volume 201, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110725
Keywords
Lincomycin hydrochloride; Zebrafish; Oxidative stress; Developmental toxicity; Neurotoxicity
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [81560109, 31771606]
- Natural Science Foundation Project of Jiangxi Province [2018ACB21033]
- Science and Technology Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province [GJJ150759]
- China Postdoctoral Foundation [2019M652269]
- Jinggangshan University [JZB15006, JFD 1802]
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Lincomycin hydrochloride is one of the commonly used drugs in clinic. However, it has many side effects on patients, and its mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, 6 h post-fertilization (6 hpf) zebrafish embryos were exposed to several concentrations of lincomycin hydrochloride (15, 30, 60 mu g/mL) for up to 24 or 96 hpf to detect their developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity, and to 6 days post-fertilization (6 dpf) to detect their behavioral toxicity. Our results showed that lincomycin hydrochloride could lead to embryonic head deformities (unclear ventricles, smaller ventricles, fewer new neurons). The studies showed that the frequency of spontaneous tail flick of zebrafish embryo increased at 24 hpf, and the lincomycin hydrochloride exposed zebrafish embryos showed increased heart rate, shorter body length, and yolk sac edema with severe pericardial edema at 96 hpf. The studies also showed that lincomycin hydrochloride increased oxidative stress level, Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, ATPase activity and apoptosis in zebrafish larvae. In addition, the swimming behavior of zebrafish larvae decreased with the increase of lincomycin hydrochloride concentration, but the angular velocity and meandering degree increased, which might be due to the decreased activity of AChE and ATPase, as well as the decreased expression of genes related to neurodevelopment and neurotransmitter system, leading to the change of their motor behaviors. In summary, we found that lincomycin hydrochloride induced developmental toxicity and neurotoxicity in zebrafish larvae, contributing to a more comprehensive evaluation of the safety of the drug.
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