Bipedal hopping as a new measure to detect subtle sensorimotor impairment in people with multiple sclerosis

Background Bipedal hopping has the potential to detect subtle multiple sclerosis (MS)-related impairments, especially among patients who pass typical movement tests. In this narrative review, we outline the biomechanics of bipedal hopping and propose its usefulness as a novel outcome measure for people with MS having mild disability. Methods We summarize articles that (1) examined the biomechanics of jumping or hopping and (2) tested the validity and/or reliability of hopping tests. We consolidated consistencies and gaps in research and opportunities for future development of the bipedal hop test. Results Bipedal hopping requires immense power, coordination, balance, and ability to reduce co-contraction; movement components typically affected by MS. These impairments can be measured and differentiated by examining specific variables, such as hop length (power), symmetry (coordination), center of pressure (balance), and coefficient of variability (co-contraction/spasticity). Bipedal hopping challenges these aspects of movement and exposes sensorimotor impairments that may not have been apparent during walking. Conclusions Testing of bipedal hopping on an instrumented walkway may detect and monitor sensorimotor control in people with MS who do not currently present with clinical deficits. Early measurement is imperative for precise rehabilitation prescription to slow disability progression prior to onset of measurable gait impairment.

Automated summary

Bipedal hopping can be used to detect mild disability in multiple sclerosis patients and measure and differentiate various movement impairments. Testing bipedal hopping can detect and monitor sensorimotor control in people with MS, enabling more precise rehabilitation prescription.