Journal
CURRENT OPINION IN CELL BIOLOGY
Volume 66, Issue -, Pages 69-78Publisher
CURRENT BIOLOGY LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2020.05.008
Keywords
Cortex; Actin; Cell mechanics; Rho GTPases; Arp2/3; Formin
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Funding
- SNSF early postdoc fellowship [P2LAP3_164919]
- European Research Council [CoG-647186]
- CRUK multidisciplinary grant
- HFSP Young Investigator grant [RGY66/2013]
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The actin cortex is a thin layer of actin, myosin and actin-binding proteins that underlies the membrane of most animal cells. It is highly dynamic and can undergo remodelling on timescales of tens of seconds, thanks to protein turnover and myosin-mediated contractions. The cortex enables cells to resist external mechanical stresses, controls cell shape and allows cells to exert forces on their neighbours. Thus, its mechanical properties are the key to its physiological function. Here, we give an overview of how cortex composition, structure and dynamics control cortex mechanics and cell shape. We use mitosis as an example to illustrate how global and local regulation of cortex mechanics gives rise to a complex series of cell shape changes.
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