Recent advances in phthalocyanines for chemical sensor, non-linear optics (NLO) and energy storage applications

Phthalocyanines (Pcs) are intensely coloured, robust macrocycles that possess admirable chemical, thermal and photo- stability as a result of its extensive pi-network. The Pc family has established their fundamental and technological importance in numerous applications due to structural versatility and unique properties that result from the incorporation of a variety of inorganic and organic components into its framework. The diversity of Pc structures allows for the optimisation of certain properties to obtain functional, high-performance materials. The combination of aromaticity, relatively simple synthesis and structural flexibility makes Pcs a great asset for numerous scientific and industrial advancements. This review focuses on recent advances (2014-2020) of phthalocyanines in the specific technologies of chemical sensors, non-linear optics (NLO), and energy storage applications. Many MPc complexes reported to date favour select metals and ligand derivatives which leaves huge opportunities for further exploration. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.