Contact allergy to polyhexamethylene biguanide (polyaminopropyl biguanide)

Background Polyaminopropyl biguanide (INCI name) and polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) are polymeric biguanides. PHMB is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial substance used as a preservative in many products. Due to our limited knowledge on PHMB contact allergy frequency and the fact that cases of allergic contact dermatitis to PHMB might be missed, we have included PHMB as a screening allergen since 2016. Objective To report the prevalence of positive patch-test reactions to PHMB as a screening allergen in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 1760 patch tested patients from July 2016 to December 2018 was performed. Polyaminopropyl biguanide 2.0% aqua was included in the extended Malmo baseline series during the study period. Results Of all patients, 1204 (68.4%) were female. Positive patch-test reactions were reported in 19 patients (1.1%). The most common sites of lesions were face, head, and neck (52.6%). There was a significant correlation between concomitant reactions to PHMB and other cosmetic-related allergens. Conclusion The prevalence of positive reactions to PHMB was higher than that previously reported. Patch testing with PHMB should be performed in patient with dermatitis who have lesions on the face, head, and neck.

Automated summary

This study aimed to report the prevalence of positive patch-test reactions to PHMB as a screening allergen in patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis. The results showed that the prevalence of positive reactions to PHMB was higher than previously reported.