The influence of the addition of tungsten trioxide nanoparticle size on structure, thermal, and electroactivity properties of hybrid material-reinforced PANI

Nanomaterials are synthetized by aniline with different contents of WO(3)nanoparticles using a chemical oxidative polymerization method. FTIR, ultraviolet-visible, XPS, SEM, and XRD confirmed the successful synthesis of the three PANI@WO(3)samples. Thermogravimetric analysis shows an improved thermal stability by the presence of WO(3)in nanocomposites compared with PANI. Interestingly, the analysis of the band gap shows lowest value of optical band gap of 1.88 eV for PANI@WO3(0.5) compared with PANI@WO3(1.0) and PANI@WO3(1.5) with 1.91 eV and 1.98 eV, respectively. In addition, the electroactivity properties were investigated by cyclic voltammetry to explore the benefits of these types of hybrid materials in electrochemical applications.