Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 270, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128610
Keywords
Recycled crumb rubber; Synthetic turf football pitches; Hazardous chemicals; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Leaching of chemicals
Categories
Funding
- Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [RETOS PID2019-104336RB-100]
- Infrastructure Program, Ministry of Science and Innovation, Spain [UNST10-1E-491]
- National Network for the Innovation in miniaturized sample preparation techniques (Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain) [RED2018-102522-T]
- Galician Competitive Research Groups [IN607B 2019/13, ED431 2020/06]
- CRETUS Strategic Partnership (Xunta de Galicia) [ED431 2018/01]
- COST Action [CA16215]
- FEDER (UE)
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy (LEPABE), by FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) [UIDB/00511 2020]
- Project SAFEGOAL - FEDER funds through COMPETE2020 - Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalizacao (POCI) [POCI-01-0145-FEDER-028101, PTDC/EQU-EQU/28101/2017]
- national funds (PIDDAC) through FCT/MCTES
- Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) [CEECINST/00049/2018]
- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [PTDC/EQU-EQU/28101/2017] Funding Source: FCT
Ask authors/readers for more resources
This study analyzed target compounds in synthetic football pitches in Portugal, revealing the presence of various chemicals in crumb rubber and the potential risk of runoff water pollution to aquatic environment.
Nowadays concern exists about the safety for both football players and the environment of recycled tire rubber used as infill in synthetic turf football pitches. In this study 40 target compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), plasticizers, antioxidants and vulcanization agents were determined in 50 synthetic football pitches of diverse characteristics to estimate environmental risks. This is the first study of crumb rubber sport facilities in Portugal. Analyses were performed by ultrasound-assisted extraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UAE-GCMS/MS). To evaluate the transfer of the target chemicals from the crumb rubber to the runoff water, water leachates collected from several football pitches were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction (SPME-GC-MS/MS). In addition, lab-scale runoff simulation experiments were performed to assess whether a persistent inflow of the target compounds from the football pitches into the runoff water wcould exist. Results revealed the presence of most of the target PAHs in crumb rubber at total concentrations up to 57 mu g g(-1), next to a high number of plasticizers and vulcanization agents. Runoff water collected from the football pitches contained up to 13 PAHs as well as other chemicals of environmental concern. In addition, continuous leaching of chemicals from the crumb rubber to the surrounding water was demonstrated. The transfer of target chemicals into the runoff water poses a potential risk for the aquatic environment. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authors
I am an author on this paper
Click your name to claim this paper and add it to your profile.
Reviews
Recommended
No Data Available