Journal
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
Volume 32, Issue 19, Pages 8401-8411Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02399
Keywords
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Funding
- FRS-FNRS
- Wallonie-Bruxelles International (WBI) [FC 86864]
- National Science Foundation through the Center for Dynamics and Control of Materials: an NSF MRSEC [DMR-1720595]
- Welch Foundation [F-1848]
- Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, of the U.S. Department of Energy [DE-AC0205CH11231]
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Plasmonic metal oxide nanocrystals are interesting electrochromic materials because they display high modulation of infrared light, fast switching kinetics, and durability. Nanocrystals facilitate solution-based and high-throughput deposition, but typically require handling hazardous nonaqueous solvents and further processing of the as-deposited film with energy-intensive or chemical treatments. We report on a method to produce aqueous dispersions of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) by refunctionalizing the nanocrystal surface, previously stripped of its native hydrophobic ligands, with a hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) polymer featuring a low density of methoxy-terminated poly(ethylene oxide) grafts (PAA-mPEO(4)). To determine conditions favoring the adsorption of PAA-mPEO(4) on ITO, we varied the pH and chemical species present in the exchange solution. The extent of polymer wrapping on the nanocrystal surface can be tuned as a function of the pH to prevent aggregation in solution and deposit uniform, smooth, and optical quality spray coated thin films. We demonstrate the utility of polymer-wrapped ITO nanocrystal thin films as an electrochromic material and achieve fast, stable, and reversible near-infrared modulation without the need to remove the polymer after deposition provided that a wrapping density of similar to 20% by mass is not exceeded.
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