Journal
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Volume 18, Issue 1, Pages 45-56Publisher
CHIN SOCIETY IMMUNOLOGY
DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-00558-8
Keywords
Kupffer cells; monocyte-derived macrophages; liver inflammation; liver fibrosis; liver cancer
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Funding
- Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, ImmuneAvatar)
- NIH [DK109574, DK121330, DK122708, DK122796]
- German Research Foundation [DFG SFB/TRR296, CRC1382, Ta434/3-1, Ta434/5-1]
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Macrophages, key cellular components of the liver, play essential roles in maintaining liver homeostasis, injury and repair processes in liver diseases. Kupffer cells and monocyte-derived macrophages contribute significantly to tissue inflammation and injury, but exhibit different functional responses in distinct liver diseases.
Macrophages, which are key cellular components of the liver, have emerged as essential players in the maintenance of hepatic homeostasis and in injury and repair processes in acute and chronic liver diseases. Upon liver injury, resident Kupffer cells (KCs) sense disturbances in homeostasis, interact with hepatic cell populations and release chemokines to recruit circulating leukocytes, including monocytes, which subsequently differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages (MoM phi s) in the liver. Both KCs and MoM phi s contribute to both the progression and resolution of tissue inflammation and injury in various liver diseases. The diversity of hepatic macrophage subsets and their plasticity explain their different functional responses in distinct liver diseases. In this review, we highlight novel findings regarding the origins and functions of hepatic macrophages and discuss the potential of targeting macrophages as a therapeutic strategy for liver disease.
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