ATP dynamic regeneration strategy for enhancing co-production of glutathione and S-adenosylmethionine inEscherichia coli

Objectives In general, a sufficient supply of ATP can promote the synthesis of ATP-driven metabolites, but excessive ATP will lead to the inhibition of cell growth. For enhancing the co-production of glutathione(GSH) and S-adenosylmethionine(SAM), a dynamic ATP regeneration strategy was developed. Results The novel ATP regeneration strategy consisting of ATP-sensing riboswitchydaO motif, polyphosphate kinase (PPK), andVitreoscillahemoglobin (VHb) was successfully applied inEscherichia coli. The intracellular ATP level was always around 0.60 mg/g dry cell weight during the fermentation process, resulting in significantly enhanced co-production of GSH and SAM. The GSH titer and SAM titer in the strain CGS-2 increased by 137.40% and 82.18% after fermentation for 24 h, compared with the control strain. Conclusions The ATP regulation strategy is expected to be a favorable tool to improve the efficiency of microbial cell factories. The proposed ATP dynamic regeneration approach may be applicable for cost-effective, high-yield production of ATP-driven metabolites.