Chitin-Based Double-Network Hydrogel as Potential Superficial Soft-Tissue-Repairing Materials

Chitin is a biopolymer, which has been proven to be a biomedical material candidate, yet the weak mechanical properties seriously limit their potentials. In this work, a chitin-based double-network (DN) hydrogel has been designed as a potential superficial repairing material. The hydrogel was synthesized through a double-network (DN) strategy composing hybrid regenerated chitin nanofiber (RCN)-poly (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) (PEGDE) as the first network and polyacrylamide (PAAm) as the second network. The hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel was strong and tough, possessing Young's modulus (elasticity) E 0.097 +/- 0.020 MPa, fracture stress sigma(f) 0.449 +/- 0.025 MPa, and work of fracture W-f 5.75 +/- 0.35 MJ.m(-3). The obtained DN hydrogel was strong enough for surgical requirements in the usage of soft tissue scaffolds. In addition, chitin endowed the DN hydrogel with good bacterial resistance and accelerated fibroblast proliferation, which increased the NIH3T3 cell number by nearly five times within 3 days. Subcutaneous implantation studies showed that the DN hydrogel did not induce inflammation after 4 weeks, suggesting a good biosafety in vivo. These results indicated that the hybrid RCN-PEGDE/PAAm DN hydrogel had great prospect as a rapid soft-tissue-repairing material.