4.6 Review

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a Δ-9 fatty acyl desaturase in search of a function

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ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158840

Keywords

Desaturase; Monounsaturated fatty acids; Lipid metabolism; Signal transduction; Cancer; Developmental diseases

Funding

  1. Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center
  2. National Institute of Health [R01 HL144774]

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SCD1 is a central regulator of fatty acid metabolism in humans, while SCD5, as a second isoform, has started to receive attention for its potential role in metabolic regulation and biological functions.
A large body of research has demonstrated that human stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a universally expressed fatty acid A9-desaturase that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), is a central regulator of metabolic and signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Unlike SCD1, stearoyl-CoA desaturase 5 (SCD5), a second SCD isoform found in a variety of vertebrates, including humans, has received considerably less attention but new information on the catalytic properties, regulation and biological functions of this enzyme has begun to emerge. This review will examine the new evidence that supports key metabolic and biological roles for SCD5, as well as the potential implication of this desaturase in the mechanisms of human diseases.

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