Journal
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
Volume 532, Issue 1, Pages 120-126Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.08.020
Keywords
Placozoa; Trichoplax; Hoilungia; Evolution; Basal metazoa; Voltage-gated sodium channels; Calcium channels; Action potentials
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Funding
- Human Frontiers Science Program [RGP0060/2017]
- National Science Foundation [1146575,1557923,1548121, 1645219]
- Russian Ministry of Science and High Education [2020-1902-01312]
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Placozoa are small disc-shaped animals, representing the simplest known, possibly ancestral, organization of free-living animals. With only six morphological distinct cell types, without any recognized neurons or muscle, placozoans exhibit fast effector reactions and complex behaviors. However, little is known about electrogenic mechanisms in these animals. Here, we showed the presence of rapid action potentials in four species of placozoans (Trichoplax adhaerens [H1 haplotype], Trichoplax sp.[H2], Hoilungia hongkongensis [H13], and Hoilungia sp. [H4]). These action potentials are sodium-dependent and can be inducible. The molecular analysis suggests the presence of 5-7 different types of voltage-gated sodium channels, which showed substantial evolutionary radiation compared to many other metazoans. Such unexpected diversity of sodium channels in early-branched metazoan lineages reflect both duplication events and parallel evolution of unique behavioral integration in these nerveless animals. (C) 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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