Journal
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
Volume 203, Issue 2, Pages 431-441Publisher
SPRINGER
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02050-3
Keywords
Stress response; Cell envelope; Metabolism pathways; Quorum sensing
Categories
Funding
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [AA18118050, 2017YFD0500105, 2016YFD0500905]
- Chinese National Science Foundation [31873010, 31672579, 30571374, 30771603, 31072136, 31270171, BE2017342]
- Priority Academic Program of Development Jiangsu High Education Institution
- Yangzhou Science and Technology Bureau International Cooperation Project [YZ2018154]
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Bacteria continuously adapt to external challenges to ensure survival, inducing specific stress responses involving genetic and cellular changes. Pathogenic bacteria must sense and withstand environmental stresses within hosts to maintain infection. Nucleic acids, cell envelopes, and ribosomes play crucial roles in bacterial stress responses.
Microbes from diverse types of habitats are continuously exposed to external challenges, which may include acidic, alkaline, and toxic metabolites stress as well as nutrient deficiencies. To promote their own survival, bacteria have to rapidly adapt to external perturbations by inducing particular stress responses that typically involve genetic and/or cellular changes. In addition, pathogenic bacteria need to sense and withstand these environmental stresses within a host to establish and maintain infection. These responses can be, in principle, induced by changes in bacterial cell structure, metabolism and group behavior. Bacterial nucleic acids may serve as the core part of the stress response, and the cell envelope and ribosomes protect genetic structures from damage. Cellular metabolism and group behavior, such as quorum sensing system, can play a more important role in resisting stress than we have now found. Since bacteria survival can be only appreciated if we better understand the mechanisms behind bacterial stress response, here we review how morphological and physiological features may lead to bacterial resistance upon exposure to particular stress-inducing factors.
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