Journal
APPLIED ENERGY
Volume 274, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.115293
Keywords
Multi-dimensional energy management strategy; Dynamic programming; Fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle; Thermal management
Categories
Funding
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada [RGPIN-2018-06527]
- Fonds de recherche du Quebec - Nature et technologies [Bourses de doctorat en recherche B2X] [259542]
- Canada Research Chairs program [950-230863]
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This paper studies the impact of two significant aspects, namely fuel cell (FC) degradation and thermal management, over the performance of an optimal and a rule-based energy management strategy (EMS) in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV). To do so, firstly, a vehicle's model is developed in simulation environment for a low-speed FCHEV composed of a FC stack and a battery pack. Subsequently, deterministic dynamic programming (DP), as an optimal strategy, and bounded load following strategy (BLFS), as a common rule-based strategy, are utilized to minimize the hydrogen consumption while respecting the operating constraints of the power sources. The performance of the EMSs is assessed at different scenarios. The first objective is to clarify the effect of FC stack degradation on the performance of the vehicle. In this regard, each EMS determines the required current from the FC stack for two FCs with different levels of degradation. The second objective is to evaluate the thermal management contribution to improving the performance of the new FC compared to the considered cases in scenario one. In this respect, each strategy deals with determining two control variables (FC current and cooling fan duty cycle). The results of this study indicate that negligence of adapting to the PEMFC health state, as the PEMFC gets aged, can increase the hydrogen consumption up to 24.8% in DP and 12.1% in BLFS. Moreover, the integration of temperature dimension into the EMS can diminish the hydrogen consumption by 4.1% and 5.3% in DP and BLFS respectively.
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