Journal
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
Volume 59, Issue 51, Pages 22938-22942Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007998
Keywords
ammonia; contamination; Nafion; nitrogen reduction reaction; pretreatment methods
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Funding
- Icelandic Research Fund [196437-051, 185404-051]
- Icelandic Technology Development Fund [175350-0611]
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This study highlights the importance of following a strict protocol for Nafion membrane pretreatment for electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction experiments. Atmospheric ammonia pollution can be introduced to the experimental setup through membranes and interpreted falsely as catalysis product from N-2. The sources of ammonia contamination vary drastically between locations worldwide and even within the same location between days depending on temperature, wind direction, fertilizer use, and manure accumulation in its vicinity. The study shows that significant amounts of ammonium is accumulated in the membranes after commonly practiced pretreatment methods, where the amount depends on the ammonia concentration in the surrounding of the experiment. Therefore, we introduce a new pretreatment method which removes all the ammonium in the membrane. The membranes can be stored for several days but a short final step in the method needs to be carried out right before NRR experiments.
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