Clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 cycle threshold values in solid organ transplant recipients

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA by RT-PCR assays is the primary diagnostic test for COVID-19. Cycle threshold (C-T) values generated by some of these assays provide inversely proportional proxy measurements of viral load. The clinical implications of C-T values are incompletely characterized, particularly in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 25 adult SOT recipients admitted to the Yale New Haven Health System between March 1 and May 15, 2020, analyzing 50 test results to investigate the clinical implications of SARS-CoV-2 C-T values in this population. Initial C-T values from upper respiratory tract samples were significantly higher in patients on tacrolimus, but were not associated with admission severity nor highest clinical acuity. Viral RNA was detected up to 38 days from symptom onset with a gradual increase in C-T values over time. In five patients with serial testing, C-T values <35.0 were detected >21 days after symptom onset in 4/5 and >= 27 days in 2/5, demonstrating prolonged RNA detection. These data describe SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics in SOT patients and suggest that C-T values may not be useful to predict COVID-19 severity in SOT patients. SARS-CoV-2 C-T values may be more useful in informing infection prevention measures.

Automated summary

Research on SOT recipients suggests that the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 virus in this population and that C-T values may not predict the severity of COVID-19 but may be more useful in guiding infection prevention measures.