Journal
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
Volume 190, Issue 4, Pages 621-629Publisher
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwaa208
Keywords
bias; cohort studies; epidemiologic methods; regression analysis
Categories
Funding
- US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health [R01OH011409]
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The study proposed an approach to estimate the marginal exposure-outcome association in the presence of classical exposure measurement error, showing that it suffers less bias compared to the covariate-conditional estimate when covariates are predictors of exposure. Additionally, if an exposure validation study is available, the proposed marginal estimate can correct for measurement error more efficiently than the covariate-conditional estimate.
Suppose that an investigator wants to estimate an association between a continuous exposure variable and an outcome, adjusting for a set of confounders. If the exposure variable suffers classical measurement error, in which the measured exposures are distributed with independent error around the true exposure, then an estimate of the covariate-adjusted exposure-outcome association may be biased. We propose an approach to estimate a marginal exposure-outcome association in the setting of classical exposure measurement error using a disease score-based approach to standardization to the exposed sample. First, we show that the proposed marginal estimate of the exposure-outcome association will suffer less bias due to classical measurement error than the covariate-conditional estimate of association when the covariates are predictors of exposure. Second, we show that if an exposure validation study is available with which to assess exposure measurement error, then the proposed marginal estimate of the exposure-outcome association can be corrected for measurement error more efficiently than the covariate-conditional estimate of association. We illustrate both of these points using simulations and an empirical example using data from the Orinda Longitudinal Study of Myopia (California, 1989-2001).
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