Journal
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
Volume 30, Issue 48, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202005462
Keywords
co-crystals; glass transition temperatures; non-fullerene acceptors; suppressed crystallization; ternary solar cells
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Funding
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Office of Sponsored Research (OSR) [OSR-2018-CPF-4106]
- Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0059]
- European Research Council (ERC) [648901]
- MCIU
- Ikerbasque Foundation [PGC2018-094620-A-100, SEV-2015-0496, PGC2018-095411-B-100]
- National Nature Science Foundation of China [NSFC 21905185]
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While photovoltaic blends based on non-fullerene acceptors are touted for their thermal stability, this type of acceptor tends to crystallize, which can result in a gradual decrease in photovoltaic performance and affects the reproducibility of the devices. Two halogenated indacenodithienothiophene-based acceptors that readily co-crystallize upon mixing are studied, which indicates that the use of an acceptor mixture alone does not guarantee the formation of a disordered mixture. The addition of the donor polymer to the acceptor mixture readily suppresses the crystallization, which results in a fine-grained ternary blend with nanometer-sized domains that do not coarsen due to a highT(g)approximate to 200 degrees C. As a result, annealing at temperatures of up to 170 degrees C does not markedly affect the photovoltaic performance of ternary devices, in contrast to binary devices that suffer from acceptor crystallization in the active layer. The results indicate that the ternary approach enables the use of high-temperature processing protocols, which are needed for upscaling and high-throughput fabrication of organic solar cells. Further, ternary devices display a stable photovoltaic performance at 130 degrees C for at least 205 h, which indicates that the use of acceptor mixtures allows to fabricate devices with excellent thermal stability.
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