Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 42, Pages 47245-47255Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12750
Keywords
L-cysteine; poly(ethyleneimine); carbon quantum dots; Cu2+; Fe3+
Funding
- Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province, China [2019GSF111047]
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China [ZR2019MB019]
- King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia [RSP-2020/30]
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In this work, nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots from poly(ethyleneimine) (PQDs) were synthesized by a low-cost and facile one-step hydrothermal method without other reagents. A quantum yield (QY) of up to 23.2% with maximum emission at 460 nm under an excitation wavelength of 340 nm was ascribed to the high nitrogen doping (20.59%). The PQDs selectively form a blue complex with Cu2+ accompanied by strong quenching of the fluorescence emission. Meanwhile, the PQD-Cu2+ complex exhibited selective fluorescence recovery and color disappearance on exposure to L-cysteine (Cys). The electron transfer from amino or oxygen groups on the PQDs to Cu2+ leads to fluorescence quenching, and a chromogenic reaction of the cuprammonium complex results in a color change. The strong affinity between Cys and Cu2+ causes the detachment of Cu2+ from the surface of PQDs, so the color of the solution disappears and the fluorescence of PQDs recovers. Under the optimized condition, the proposed sensor was applied to detect Cu2+ in the linear range of 0-280 mu M. A detection limit of 4.75 mu M is achieved using fluorescence spectroscopy and 4.74 mu M by monitoring the absorbance variation at 272 nm. For Cys detection, the linear range of 0-800 mu M with detection limits of 28.11 mu M (fluorescence determination) and 19.74 mu M (peak shift determination at 272 nm) was obtained. Meanwhile, the PQD-Cu2+ system exhibits distinguishable responses to other biothiols such as L-glutathione (GSH) and DL-homocysteine (Hcy). Based on the multimode signals, an AND logic gate was constructed successfully. Interestingly, besides Cu2+, Fe3+ can also quench the fluorescence of PQDs and the PQD-Fe3+ system exhibits superior selectivity for Cys detection. Most importantly, the proposed assay is not only simple, cheap, and stable but also suitable for detecting Cu2+ and Cys in some real samples.
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