Journal
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
Volume 12, Issue 39, Pages 43785-43797Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12747
Keywords
lithium-ion battery anode; porous silicon; magnesiothermic reduction; finite element mechanical simulation
Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China [51702335]
- Zhejiang Province welfare technology applied research project [LGG19B010001]
- Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo City [2018A610084]
- CAS-EU S&T cooperation partner program [174433KYSB20150013]
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials of Zhejiang Province
- European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklowdowska-Curie grant [655881]
- China Scholarship Council (CSC)
- International Research Training Group 2022 Alberta/Technical University of Munich International Graduate School for Environmentally Responsible Functional Hybrid Materials (ATUMS)
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) including the SUPERGEN Energy Storage Hub [EP/L019469/1]
- Enabling Next Generation Lithium Batteries [EP/M009521/1]
- Henry Royce Institute for Advanced Materials [EP/R00661X/1, EP/S019367/1, EP/R010145/1]
- Faraday Institution [FIRG007, FIRG008]
- EPSRC [EP/L019469/1, EP/M009521/1] Funding Source: UKRI
- Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [655881] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA)
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Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising next generation lithium-ion battery anodes due to its exceptional theoretical capacity, appropriate voltage profile, and vast abundance. Nevertheless, huge volume expansion and drastic stress generated upon lithiation cause poor cyclic stability. It has been one of the central issues to improve cyclic performance of silicon-based lithium-ion battery anodes. Constructing hierarchical macro-/mesoporous silicon with a tunable pore size and wall thickness is developed to tackle this issue. Rational structure design, controllable synthesis, and theoretical mechanical simulation are combined together to reveal fundamental mechanisms responsible for an improved cyclic performance. A self-templating strategy is applied using Stober silica particles as a templating agent and precursor coupled with a magnesiothermic reduction process. Systematic variation of the magnesiothermic reduction time allows good control over the structures of the porous silicon. Finite element mechanical simulations on the porous silicon show that an increased pore size and a reduced wall thickness generate less mechanical stress in average along with an extended lithiation state. Besides the mechanical stress, the evolution of strain and displacement of the porous silicon is also elaborated with the finite element simulation.
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