Journal
MEMBRANES
Volume 10, Issue 5, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/membranes10050096
Keywords
brackish water desalination; electro-sorption; carbonaceous electrode materials; process consideration; capacitive deionization configurations
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Funding
- Axe Water and Axe Energy in European Institute of Membranes
- Federal Government of Nigeria
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Electrochemical water desalination has been a major research area since the 1960s with the development of capacitive deionization technique. For the latter, its modus operandi lies in temporary salt ion adsorption when a simple potential difference (1.0-1.4 V) of about 1.2 V is supplied to the system to temporarily create an electric field that drives the ions to their different polarized poles and subsequently desorb these solvated ions when potential is switched off. Capacitive deionization targets/extracts the solutes instead of the solvent and thus consumes less energy and is highly effective for brackish water. This paper reviews Capacitive Deionization (mechanism of operation, sustainability, optimization processes, and shortcomings) with extension to its counterparts (Membrane Capacitive Deionization and Flow Capacitive Deionization).
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