Journal
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Volume 193, Issue -, Pages 33-46Publisher
ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2015.12.006
Keywords
Na+/HCO3- co-transporter 1; NBC1; Fish gills; Marine teleost; Acid-base regulation
Categories
Funding
- BIOACID (Biological Impacts of Ocean Acidification) of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [FKZ 03F0608B]
- Helmholtz Association
- CeMEB
- Swedish Research Council
- Formas
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Marine teleost fish sustain compensation of extracellular pH after exposure to hypercapnia by means of efficient ion and acid-base regulation. Elevated rates of ion and acid-base regulation under hypercapnia may be stimulated further by elevated temperature. Here, we characterized the regulation of transepithelial ion transporters (NKCC1, NBC1, SLC26A6, NHE1 and 2) and ATPases (Na+/K+ ATPase and V-type H+ ATPase) in gills of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) after 4 weeks of exposure to ambient and future PCO2 levels (550 mu atm, 1200 mu atm, 2200 mu atm) at optimum (10 degrees C) and summer maximum temperature (18 degrees C), respectively. Gene expression of most branchial ion transporters revealed temperature- and dose-dependent responses to elevated PCO2. Transcriptional regulation resulted in stable protein expression at 10 degrees C, whereas expression of most transport proteins increased at medium PCO2 and 18 degrees C. mRNA and protein expression of distinct ion transport proteins were closely co-regulated, substantiating cellular functional relationships. Na+/K+ ATPase capacities were PCO2 independent, but increased with acclimation temperature, whereas H+ ATPase capacities were thermally compensated but decreased at medium PCO2 and 10 degrees C. When functional capacities of branchial ATPases were compared with mitochondrial F1F0 ATP-synthase strong correlations of F1F0 ATP-synthase and ATPase capacities generally indicate close coordination of branchial aerobic ATP demand and supply. Our data indicate physiological plasticity in the gills of cod to adjust to a warming, acidifying ocean within limits. In light of the interacting and non-linear, dose-dependent effects of both climate factors the role of these mechanisms in shaping resilience under climate change remains to be explored. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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