Journal
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
Volume 3, Issue 6, Pages 5415-5426Publisher
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.0c00407
Keywords
lead-free; DPPAI; mixed-cation; perovskite solar cells; crystallinity
Funding
- National Foundation for Science and Technology Development of China (973 project) [2015CB932203]
- National Key Research and Development Program of China [2017YFB0404501]
- National Major Fundamental Research Program of China [91833306]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [61505086, 61705111, 61704091]
- Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Jiangsu Province of China [BK20160039]
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [BM2012010, BK20170899]
- Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions [YX030002]
- Synergetic Innovation Center for Organic Electronics and Information Displays
- National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents [BX201700122]
- Startup Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications [NY217010, NY217011]
- Open Foundation from Jilin University [IOSKL2017KF04, IOSKL2018KF01]
- Research Grant Council of Hong Kong (RGC) [14314216]
- CUHK Direct Grant [4441636]
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Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI(3)) perovskite is a promising light harvester for lead-free perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the poor quality of the solution-processed FASnI(3) film always leads to an inferior efficiency and poor stability. Herein, we demonstrate a mixed-cation strategy by trace-doping of highly hydrophobic cations to construct high-quality three-dimensional (3D) perovskite films. Tin halide perovskites with FA and 3,3-diphenylpropylammonium (DPPA) hybrid cations were fabricated, and the trace-doping of DPPA cations can greatly enhance the stability of 3D perovskites by suppressing the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+. After optimization of DPPAI/FAI ratios, the DPPA(0.02)FA(0.98)SnI(3) perovskite achieves better film crystallinity and morphology. Our champion device based on DPPA(0.02)FA(0.98)SnI(3) perovskite shows the highest power conversion efficiency of 6.75% with all improved device parameters. Moreover, the corresponding unencapsulated device retains 70% of its initial efficiency after aging over 600 h in N-2 environment. This work provides a feasible approach to fabricate high-quality 3D perovskites for lead-free PSCs applications.
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