Journal
SOLAR RRL
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages -Publisher
WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/solr.202000250
Keywords
end group modulation; miscibility; organic solar cells; power conversion efficiencies; small molecular acceptors
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21535004, 21927811, 91753111, 51763017, 21602150]
- Key Research, Development Program of Shandong Province [2018YFJH0502]
- Basic and Applied Basic Research Major Program of Guangdong Province [2019B030302007]
- Shen Zhen Technology and Innovation Commission [JCYJ20170413173814007, JCYJ20170818113905024]
- Hong Kong Research Grants Council [R6021-18, 16305915, 16322416, 606012, 16303917]
- Hong Kong Innovation and Technology Commission [ITC-CNERC14SC01, ITS/471/18]
- FCT - Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID/EMS/00481/2019-FCT]
- Centro Portugal Regional Operational Programme (Centro2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022083]
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A multitude of studies have been conducted on organic solar cells (OSCs) to understand how end group halogenation changes the property of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) energetically, morphologically, and so on. But how the halogenation impacts the miscibility between SMAs and polymers, which is an important index to thermodynamically predict and understand the morphology of blend films, has not been systematically studied, particularly for the state-of-the-art polymer-SMA blends. Herein, three series of asymmetric or symmetric SMAs, all reported recently with high photovoltaic performances, are used to investigate the effect of halogenation on miscibility, crystallinity, and solar cell performance. Using the asymmetric SMA named TPIC, and its derivatives (TPIC-4F and TPIC-4Cl) as the focus, it is revealed that the enhancement in solar cell performance for the halogenated SMAs is to reduce the miscibility between the acceptor and donor, which leads to a more favorable morphology, enhanced charge transport, and an extended absorption range. Similarly, the halogenation-induced reduction in miscibility for the initially overmixed donor:acceptor blend is also demonstrated in the symmetric ITIC and the state-of-the-art BTP series, where attractive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 16.5% and 16.8%, respectively, are achieved by the halogenated-SMA-based devices in each series.
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