Journal
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
Volume 27, Issue -, Pages 370-376Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.ensm.2020.02.005
Keywords
Zinc-sponge electrode; Mechanical strength; Scalability; Rechargeable volumetric capacity; Cycle life
Funding
- U.S. Office of Naval Research
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Recasting zinc electrodes into sponge form factors enables dendrite-free, rechargeable zinc batteries. Prior versions of these electrodes suffer from poor volumetric capacity and insufficient mechanical strength to scale beyond a few square centimeters. Most approaches to fortify zinc electrodes involve adding supportive inactive materials that decrease capacity. In contrast, we boost electrode strength through zinc/zinc-oxide fabrication advances that increase capacity. The resulting electrodes reach a tensile strength of 1 MPa, which now affords large-format scaling of zinc sponges. The tuned architecture achieves a 102% increase in rechargeable volumetric capacity over previously reported electrodes, yielding 928 mA h cm(Zn)(-3) in a nickel-zinc battery cycled 115 times with a coulombic efficiency near 100%. These advances in strength, scalability, manufacturability, and rechargeable capacity expand Zn-battery capabilities for a variety of applications including grid storage, personal electronics, and electric vehicles.
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