Journal
JOULE
Volume 4, Issue 9, Pages 1907-1928Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.joule.2020.07.007
Keywords
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Funding
- Resnick Sustainability Institute at Caltech
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- SoCalGas
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Reliable and affordable electricity systems based on variable energy sources, such as wind and solar may depend on the ability to store large quantities of low-cost energy over long timescales. Here, we use 39 years of hourly U.S. weather data, and a macro-scale energy model to evaluate capacities and dispatch in least cost, 100% reliable electricity systems with wind and solar generation supported by long-duration storage (LDS; 10 h or greater) and battery storage. We find that the introduction ofLDS lowers total systemcosts relative towind-solar-battery systems, and that systemcosts are twice as sensitive to reductions in LDS costs as to reductions in battery costs. In least-cost systems, batteries are used primarily for intra-day storage and LDS is used primarily for inter-season andmulti-year storage. Moreover, dependence on LDS increases when the system is optimized over more years. LDS technologies could improve the affordability of renewable electricity.
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