Journal
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
Volume 7, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00321
Keywords
the reproduction number; incubation; infectious period; fatality; mathematical model
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of China Young Scientist Fund [81703278]
- Australian National Health and Medical Research Commission (NHMRC) Early Career Fellowship [APP1092621]
- Precision Targeted Intervention Studies among High Risk Groups for HIV Prevention in China, National Science and Technology Major Project of China [2018ZX10721102]
- Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen [SZSM201811071]
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers [CE140100049]
- Infectious Disease Specialty of Guangzhou High-level Clinical Key Specialty
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Background:Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and quickly spread throughout China and the rest of the world. Many mathematical models have been developed to understand and predict the infectiousness of COVID-19. We aim to summarize these models to inform efforts to manage the current outbreak. Methods:We searched PubMed, Web of science, EMBASE, bioRxiv, medRxiv, arXiv, Preprints, and National Knowledge Infrastructure (Chinese database) for relevant studies published between 1 December 2019 and 21 February 2020. References were screened for additional publications. Crucial indicators were extracted and analysed. We also built a mathematical model for the evolution of the epidemic in Wuhan that synthesised extracted indicators. Results:Fifty-two articles involving 75 mathematical or statistical models were included in our systematic review. The overall median basic reproduction number (R-0) was 3.77 [interquartile range (IQR) 2.78-5.13], which dropped to a controlled reproduction number (R-c) of 1.88 (IQR 1.41-2.24) after city lockdown. The median incubation and infectious periods were 5.90 (IQR 4.78-6.25) and 9.94 (IQR 3.93-13.50) days, respectively. The median case-fatality rate (CFR) was 2.9% (IQR 2.3-5.4%). Our mathematical model showed that, in Wuhan, the peak time of infection is likely to be March 2020 with a median size of 98,333 infected cases (range 55,225-188,284). The earliest elimination of ongoing transmission is likely to be achieved around 7 May 2020. Conclusions:Our analysis found a sustained R(c)and prolonged incubation/ infectious periods, suggesting COVID-19 is highly infectious. Although interventions in China have been effective in controlling secondary transmission, sustained global efforts are needed to contain an emerging pandemic. Alternative interventions can be explored using modelling studies to better inform policymaking as the outbreak continues.
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