Journal
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
Volume 29, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101307
Keywords
Fast charging; Battery module; Multilayer electrochemical-thermal coupled model; Electrochemical performance; Temperature difference; State of balance
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Funding
- Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province [2018B030311043]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51776077]
- Central Universities Fundamental Research Project in South China University of Technology [2018ZD05]
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Efficient and Clean Energy Utilization [2017B030314128]
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The electrochemical characteristics and temperature difference are crucial for a battery module, but they are seldom taken into account in the previous works of multistage fast charging focusing on reducing charging time and temperature rise for a single battery. A multilayer electrochemical-thermal coupled model incorporating parallel connected cells inside each battery is developed for a serially connected battery module using two-stage fast charging patterns with different charging current rates (C-rates) in two charging stages to study the electrochemical characteristics, temperature difference and state of balance. Results show that the shift of C-rate causes a sudden change in the magnitude and spatial distribution of local current density, and in the magnitude of solid phase Li+ concentration gradient and electrolyte Li+ concentration. The non-uniformity of electrochemical performance inside a battery generally is more significant when the C-rate of the first stage is higher than that of the second stage. The charging pattern with lower C-rate in the first stage has potential in reducing the maximum local temperature difference in a battery while increasing the maximum temperature difference of module. The increase and decrease of the C-rate in the second stage easily aggravates the state of balance at the end of charging and leads to a sudden fluctuation of state of balance in the shift of C-rate, respectively. The charging strategy should be optimized with the consideration of electrochemical performance, cooling intensity, coolant temperature, battery initial temperature and state of balance.
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