The role of GPR110 in lung cancer progression

Background: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in several signaling pathways. However, the roles of many GPCRs in tumor oncogenesis and progression are not fully understood. In our previous study, we concluded that the absence of Gpr110 decelerates the development of liver brosis/cirrhosis into tumorigenesis. In our current study, the role of GPR110 in the oncogenesis and progression of lung cancer was observed. Methods: After collecting tumor tissues from lung cancer patients, the expression of GPR110 was analyzed by both Western blotting and real-time PCR. Immunofluorescence was used to observe GPR110 expression in human lung cancer cells. A CCK8 kit was used to analyze the proliferation of human lung cancer cells transfected with Gpr110. Changes in cell migration were evaluated with wound healing and Transwell assays. A nude mouse xenograft model was constructed. Lung cancer model was induced in Gpr110(-/-) mice with urethane. Results: GPR110 mRNA and protein expression was significantly higher in lung cancer tissue. GPR110 was barely expressed in H460, A549, H1299, and SPC-A1 cells, but its expression in PC-9 and QG56 cells was significantly higher. Overexpression of GPR110 promoted the proliferation and cell aggregation of H1299 cells and H1299 cell migration was also enhanced. Overexpression of GPR110 in H1299 cells significantly promoted tumor development in the nude mice tumor xenograft model. There was no statistical significance between the Gpr110(+/+) and Gpr110(-/-) mice despite the lesions in the Gpr110(-/-) mice group decreasing at 35 and 40 weeks after the initial injection of urethane. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that GPR110 promotes the progression of lung cancer through accelerating cell proliferation and migration.